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Toll-like receptor 2 ligands inhibit Th2 responses to mite allergen

There is intense interest in the interaction between microbial compounds and allergy.

Immunogenicity and boosting following a reduced number of doses of a Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in infants and toddlers

The minimum number of doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine required for protection is not known. We studied the immunogenicity of a reduced schedule in...

Safety and immunogenicity of a combined DTPa-IPV vaccine administered as a booster from 4 years of age: a review

A combined DTPa-IPV booster vaccine was administered as a 4th or 5th dose after DTPa or DTPw priming.

Plasma secretory phospholipase A2 as an early marker for late-onset sepsis in preterm infants—a pilot study

Preterm infants are particularly susceptible to bacterial late-onset sepsis (LOS). Diagnosis by blood culture and inflammatory markers have sub-optimal sensitivity and specificity and prolonged reporting times. There is an urgent need for more rapid, accurate adjunctive diagnostics in LOS to improve management and minimise antibiotic exposure.

School-based HPV vaccination positively impacts parents’ attitudes toward adolescent vaccination

This qualitative study aimed to explore parental attitudes, knowledge and decision-making about HPV vaccination for adolescents in the context of a gender-neutral school-based Australian National Immunisation Program (NIP). Semi-structured interviews with parents of adolescents eligible for HPV vaccination were undertaken as part of an evaluation of a cluster-randomised controlled trial of a complex intervention in 40 schools (2013-2015).

Clinician-rated quality of video otoscopy recordings and still images for the asynchronous assessment of middle-ear disease

Video otoscopy plays an important role in improving access to ear health services. This study investigated the clinician-rated quality of video otoscopy recordings and still images, and compared their suitability for asynchronous diagnosis of middle-ear disease. Two hundred and eighty video otoscopy image-recording pairs were collected from 150 children (aged six months to 15 years) by an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist, audiologists, and trained research assistants, and independently rated by an audiologist and ENT surgeon.

The Use of Test-negative Controls to Monitor Vaccine Effectiveness: A Systematic Review of Methodology

Our review highlights similarities and differences in the application of the test-negative design that deserve further examination

S. aureus colonization in healthy Australian adults receiving an investigational S. aureus 3-antigen vaccine

Based on descriptive analyses of this small study, S. aureus 3-antigen vaccine vaccination did not impact S. aureus acquisition or carriage

Effectiveness of Palivizumab against Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Cohort and Case Series Analysis

Palivizumab appeared effective for reducing virologically confirmed respiratory syncytial virus in this high-risk cohort

B Part of It School Leaver protocol: an observational study to assess the impact of a meningococcal serogroup B vaccine programme on carriage of Neisseria meningitidis

This study will assess the impact of MenB vaccine (4CMenB) on carriage prevalence in school leavers in South Australia