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Research

BCG vaccination of healthcare workers for protection against COVID-19: 12-month outcomes from an international randomised controlled trial

Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has immunomodulatory effects that may provide protection against unrelated infectious diseases. We aimed to determine whether BCG vaccination protects adults against COVID-19. 

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Method of bacterial killing differentially affects the human innate immune response to Staphylococcus epidermidis

In vitro investigations of human innate immune responses to extracellular bacteria commonly utilise killed preparations in preference to live organisms

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The changing epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease

We investigated trends in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Western Australia (WA).

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TLR2 mediates recognition of live staphylococus epidermidis

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a nosocomial pathogen that causes catheter-associated bacteremia in the immunocompromised, including those at the extremes of age

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Antifungal therapy in infants and children with proven, probable or suspected invasive fungal infections

This review aims to systematically identify and summarise the effects of different antifungal therapies in children with proven, probable or suspected...

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Diverging trends for lower respiratory infections in non-Aboriginal and Aboriginal children

To investigate temporal trends in admission rates for acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in a total population birth cohort of non-Aboriginal and...

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Vaccinating young adults against HPV: the importance of understanding health decision-making and behaviour

Vaccination of young teenage females against human papillomavirus (HPV) with a newly licenced quadrivalent vaccine designed to prevent cervical cancer and...

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Parental awareness and attitudes towards prevention of respiratory syncytial virus in infants and young children in Australia

To assess parental awareness of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the level of acceptance of future RSV prevention strategies. A cross-sectional online survey was implemented targeting "future" and "current" parents of children aged ≤5 years in Australia.

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Nirsevimab binding-site conservation in respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein worldwide between 1956 and 2021: an analysis of observational study sequencing data

Nirsevimab is an extended half-life monoclonal antibody to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein that has been developed to protect infants for an entire RSV season. Previous studies have shown that the nirsevimab binding site is highly conserved. However, investigations of the geotemporal evolution of potential escape variants in recent (ie, 2015–2021) RSV seasons have been minimal.

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Determining the true incidence of seasonal respiratory syncytial virus-confirmed hospitalizations in preterm and term infants in Western Australia

Respiratory syncytial virus contributes to significant global infant morbidity and mortality. We applied a previously developed statistical prediction model incorporating pre-pandemic RSV testing data and hospital admission data to estimate infant RSV-hospitalizations by birth month and prematurity, focused on infants aged <1 year.